42

■Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies

4.14

Mosquito preservation, labeling and transportation .........................

57

4.14.1 Preservation .......................................................

57

4.14.2 Labeling ..........................................................

58

4.14.3 Mosquito identification ............................................

58

4.14.4 Dynamic and density of mosquito population ......................

58

4.15

Data processing and field evaluation of mosquito bites via HLC method for

testing repellent treated textiles ............................................

58

4.15.1 Calculation for the efficacy ........................................

58

4.16

Mosquito landing rates for the evaluation of

repellent impregnated textiles

efficacy! ..................................................................

59

4.16.1 Mosquito biting activity ...........................................

59

4.16.2 Main objectives ...................................................

59

4.16.3 Study site .........................................................

60

4.16.4 Technique used to measure the mosquito landing bites rates ........

60

4.16.4.1

Results from Divjake study site .......................

61

4.16.4.2

Results from Durres study site .........................

62

4.16.4.3

Results from the Darzeze, Fier study site ..............

63

4.17

Conclusion ................................................................

64

4.18

Prospective for future study ................................................

65

4.18.1 The protocol used to test the repellent treated t-shirts ...............

65

4.1

INTRODUCTION ON THE MOSQUITO BIOLOGY

Mosquitos are important vectors for the transmission of infectious diseases in human

and animals. Female mosquitos after mating feed on human blood or warm-blooded an-

imals for eggs development. They mate only once, and after the first batch of eggs, they

seek for another warm blood animal or human to take another blood meal for the second

batch of eggs development, and so on. But scientists have discovered mosquito species

feeding even on reptiles’ blood, even to the amphibians’ blood like frogs and toads. Feed-

ing on blood behavior is really important for the public health, as they serve as a bridge

for liking the pathogen agents with humans or other animals. Knowing the attractiveness

of mosquitos from different traps augmented with dry ice or pheromones, with light and

suction ventilation systems; provides data on the different mosquito species to study their

host preferences, feeding behavior and their role as vector of pathogen agents like viruses,

protozoan, bacteria and other parasites in human and higher animals. It is very important

to know the whole life cycle of the mosquitos, their bio-ecology, feeding behaviors, habitat

preferences, ecological requirements, biting activity, reproduction, breeding seasons, num-

ber of generations, in order to draw a very good strategy for the control program.

Repellents are chemical substances which are extracted from different plants, and are

used impregnated in textiles and treated bed nets or doors and windows screening to pre-

vent mosquito bite and enter the house. Repellents are even used as sprays and creams

or lotions to be applied in hand and bare body parts when resting in a place where adult